The invention provides a high-temperature superconducting current limiter, which comprises at least two vertically arranged columnar winding units, and is characterized in that each columnar winding unit is provided with at least one circumferential winding groove of the same depth, the winding grooves in the same layer are of the same height, the winding grooves which are not at the winding end parts are internally provided with spacer blocks respectively, the winding grooves at the winding end parts are internally provided with converter joints respectively, and the thickness of the spacer blocks is the same as the depth of the winding grooves. The high-temperature superconducting current limiter can realize current with the directions being completely opposite on two high-temperature superconducting tapes which are parallel to each other and consistent in length after being electrified, and the relative area of the two tapes is close to 100%, thereby playing a role of offsetting themagnetic field and reducing the loss to the greatest extent. In addition, the high-temperature superconducting tapes are only sequentially connected at the converter joints, thereby being fewer in joint and weld, thus improving the uniformity of the high-temperature superconducting tapes, greatly reducing the possibility of burning the tapes due to a short circuit, and achieving a stable currentlimiting effect.