The invention discloses a rapid powder filling and welding integrated device for a foamed aluminum sandwich board blank, and relates to the technical field of board processing. The device comprises abottom plate, four oil pressure cylinders, transverse beam slabs, a driving mechanism, a longitudinal beam slab, a cylinder, an X-shaped plate, an adsorbing mechanism and an air pump, wherein the bottom parts of the four oil pressure cylinders are correspondingly fixedly mounted at four right angles of the top part of the bottom plate; and the output ends of two oil pressure cylinders at the frontand rear sides of the top part of the bottom plate are correspondingly fixedly connected to the left sides and the right sides of the bottom parts of two transverse beam slabs. According to the device, two boards can be kept in a parallel and aligning state without other abutting manners; and meanwhile, the upper boards can be grabbed through the adsorbing mechanism and the air pump in a negativepressure manner, so that the problems of possible abrasion and collision and extruding in a traditional clamping technology can be avoided.