The invention provides a silicon dioxide modified PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) aerogel thermal insulation felt and a preparation method of the silicon dioxide modified PVDF aerogel thermal insulation felt, and relates to the technical field of dielectric materials. The aerogel thermal insulation felt is mainly prepared by immersing a reinforced fiber in a silicon dioxide modified PVDF precursorsol, ageing and drying; and the silicon dioxide modified PVDF precursor sol is mainly prepared by preparing a precursor solution from vinylidene fluoride, a water soluble organic solution and a precursor silicon source and hydrolyzing. The aerogel thermal insulation felt is added with the vinylidene fluoride in the preparation process, a PVDF structure is formed in the inner structure of the aerosol, so that the high temperature resistance and the acid and alkali resistance of the aerosol material are obviously improved, and the defects of the poor mechanical strength of the existing aerogel material, the poor high temperature resistance and acid and alkali resistance and the like are effectively improved. In addition, the integrality of the aerogel thermal insulation felt is good, the aerogel thermal insulation felt can be prepared into a bulk material having a certain regular shape, and the application range of the aerosol is also correspondingly expanded.