The invention discloses a ceramic reinforced steel composite material. A composite material base body is twin-crystal-induced plastic steel, a reinforcing body is ceramic. High-hardness and high-performance ceramic materials is used as the reinforcing body to be composited with the high-strength, high toughness and twin-crystal-induced plastic steel, so that the defects of insufficient strength, poor plasticity, limited using temperature and the like of a aluminum-magnesium-based composite material are overcome, and the wear resistance of the material is effectively improved. Due to the fact that the size of the reinforcing body can be designed and adjusted according to needs, the steel composite material can be widely applied to various wear-resisting occasions. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the ceramic reinforced steel composite material; according to the method, the base body, namely, the twin-crystal-induced plastic steel is poured into a mold fixedly provided with a ceramic reinforced material to manufacture the steel composite material; and the production process is simple, the requirement on equipment is low, the production cost is low, and the popularization is easy.