The invention discloses a radio monitoring device and system based on data compression and a data compression method. The device comprises a radio receiver, a data compression unit connected with a signal output end of the radio receiver and a network port connected with the data compression unit; and the data compression unit compresses a received radio signal according to a transmitted data typeafter compression, encapsulates same compressed data into a same data structure and inputs the same compressed data into the network port. The radio monitoring device compresses different types of radio signals by using the data compression unit and using different compression algorithms, so that the stability and accuracy of the data are guaranteed; and then, the data are uploaded to a use device (such as an upper computer) by using a network, so that the data sending amount is reduced, the network burden is alleviated and the purpose of transmitting big data is implemented.