The invention discloses an upright planetary differential auger mixing stirring drying machine and a method. The drying machine comprises a top cover assembly, a central auger, an outer ring spiral piece, a central tube, a drying machine housing, a heat preserving layer, a planetary gear mechanism, a ventilation hole plate, a drying hot wind pipe, a feeding discharging auger assembly and a base assembly. According to the drying machine, functions are mixing stirring and drying are coupled, the functions can be separately used or combined and used, the fully mixing of all materials can be wellachieved compared with the local mixing of a traditional piece of in-situ spiral stirring equipment, the stacking density of the materials is reduced by the dynamic operation process compared with a traditional piece of static drying equipment, the materials are uniformly laid on the outer ring spiral piece to allow hot wind to be in fully contact with the materials, the drying speed is accelerated, the energy consumption of a fan is reduced, the stacking density of the materials is low, so that the stirring force of the auger is reduced, the energy consumption of the motor is reduced, the structure is simpler than a conventional horizontal-type drying machine, the material cost is reduced by 50% or above, and the volume space utilization rate is greatly improved.