The present invention relates to the field of power system equipment parameter optimization and in particular relates to a microgrid virtual synchronous machine parameter optimization method based ona parallel annealing algorithm. Firstly, a microgrid model based on a virtual synchronous machine inverter is established with a virtual synchronous machine node as a reference node based on lines, loads and virtual synchronous machine characteristics of sag control and secondary frequency modulation control; then, the constraint conditions and optimization objectives of the virtual synchronous machine parameters are determined according to the microgrid model based on the virtual synchronous machine inverter; finally, a parallel annealing algorithm is used to solve the optimization model of virtual synchronous machine parameters, and the (approximate) optimal solution of the optimization problem is obtained, so as to determine the optimal control parameters in the microgrid. The inventionovercomes the shortcoming that the simulated annealing algorithm falls into local optimization, and is suitable for solving complex optimization problems.