The present invention relates to a time-frequency two-dimensional synchronization method based on linear frequency modulated signals. The method comprises the steps of: performing zero fill operationof received linear frequency modulated signals, performing time reversal or translation processing for the linear frequency modulated signals after zero fill to obtain time reversal signals or translation signals; according to the frequency modulated rate of the transmitted linear frequency modulated signals, setting a search range of the optimal conversion order analysis of the receiving signals;in the search range of the optimal conversion order analysis of the receiving signals, employing the hierarchical iterative algorithm to search and obtain the optimal conversion order analysis on a FrFT region to obtain the optimal conversion order analysis of the time reversal signals or the translation signals on the FrFT region, and employing the optimal conversion order analysis to calculateand obtain the frequency value corresponding to each signal; and finally, employing the calculated and obtained frequency values to calculate and obtain the Doppler coefficient and the delay of the receiving signals to achieve time-frequency two-dimensional synchronization of the signals. The time-frequency two-dimensional synchronization method is employed to reduce the calculated amount of the system and improve the accuracy of the parameter estimation.