The invention discloses a test device and method for testing the transfusion and migration characteristics of loose medium liquid nitrogen. The blank in the prior art is compensated for; an experimental box is filled with loose media of different particle sizes; the side face of the experimental box is provided with a liquid nitrogen injection port and a differential pressure temperature measuringport; a differential pressure meter and a temperature measuring instrument are arranged at the differential pressure temperature measuring port; a liquid nitrogen injection system stretches into theliquid nitrogen injection port through a liquid nitrogen conveying pipe to achieve the injection of the liquid nitrogen into the experimental box; a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on aset area at the bottom of the experimental box; a gas release port is formed in the top of the experimental box, and a gas mass flow meter is arranged at the gas release port; the gas mass flow meter,the differential pressure meter, the temperature measuring instrument and all the temperature sensors are all connected to a data acquisition device, and the data acquisition device is connected to an information processing terminal. The liquid nitrogen migration path, complete vaporization radius and vaporization rate in the loose medium of a coal mine goaf are measured through the test device.