The invention relates to an electrolyte for anodizing of the surface of a pure aluminum part and a method for anodizing of the surface of the pure aluminum part, and belongs to the technical field ofanodizing of aluminum. The electrolyte for anodizing of the surface of the pure aluminum part is a mixed solution of sulfuric acid, glycerin and ceric sulfate, the mass concentration of sulfuric acidis 155-165 g/L, the volume concentration of glycerin is 4-8 ml/L, and the mass concentration of ceric sulfate is 2-4 g/L. By the adoption of the electrolyte for anodizing of the surface of the pure aluminum part, sulfuric acid serves as a main component, a proper amount of glycerin and a proper amount of ceric sulfate are added into the electrolyte, a high-hardness Al2O3 film can be formed on thesurface of the pure aluminum part, the thickness of the Al2O3 film is only 15-30 micrometers, and the Vickers hardness can reach 420-500 HV.