The invention discloses a recovery method of ultrafine fine fraction ilmenite in strong magnetic separation tailings. The recovery method comprises the steps that firstly, the strong magnetic separation tailings are graded through a hydrocyclone; graded overflow products are subjected to two-time high-gradient magnetic separation to obtain magnetic separation rough concentrates; after the magneticseparation rough concentrates are subjected to floatation desulphurization, sulfuric acid, a combination inhibitor and a composite collecting agent are added in sequence for one-time roughing; roughing foam is subjected to three-time selection; ore pulp in a roughing groove is subjected to one-time scavenging; middlings in the selection process return to last-stage operation in sequence, and foamin the scavenging process return to last-stage operation in sequence. According to the recovery method, the ultrafine fine fraction ilmenite in the tailings is separated directionally by the small-diameter hydrocyclone firstly, interference of coarse fraction in subsequent magnetic separation and flotation is avoided, and meanwhile, energy consumption is saved; and then high-gradient magnetic separation is adopted, high-gradient magnetic separation preconcentration of the part of ultrafine fine fraction ilmenite is achieved through magnetism gathering medium adjustment, the in-floatation grade requirement is met, then floatation is conducted to obtain ilmenite concentrates, and the grade of the ilmenite concentrate is 45-47%.