The invention discloses a rural quick express delivery system and method adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle. The rural quick express delivery system adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises theunmanned aerial vehicle, an express delivery box, a halting platform, a pressure sensor, a storage bin, an upper-portion bin door, a steering engine, a side face bin door, an infrared transmitter, anLED indicating lamp, a central controller and a power supply unit, the unmanned aerial vehicle is a rotorcraft and is provided with an infrared positioning camera, the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with the express delivery box, the express delivery box is used for storing goods, is conveniently installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle body and can be dismounted from the unmanned aerial vehicle body, and the halting platform is a lifting platform for the unmanned aerial vehicle. By using the unmanned aerial vehicle and a self-service express putting device in a matched way,it is ensured that goods are safe and undamaged, the express delivery quality is improved, artificial attendance is avoided, management is facilitated, the system cost is reduced, and large-area popularization and use are promoted.