A parallel computing system includes an input port, a first switching network, a computing array, a second switching network, and an output port. The first switching network is used for receiving input data from the input port, sorting the input data according to different computing modes of the computing array, and outputting the sorted input data. The computing array is used for performing parallel computing on the sorted input data according to different computing modes and outputting intermediate data; the second switching network is used for sorting the intermediate data according to different output modes and outputting the sorted intermediate data through the output port. The parallel computing system of the invention skillfully applies a switching network in a computer architectureto a system of parallel computing, and performs arbitrary required sorting on input or output data according to different calculation modes and output modes, so that the input data enters a calculation array and performs various calculation operations through the calculation array after the input data enters the calculation array.