The invention discloses a device and method for detecting a dynamic solidification sound field of a metal material under a vibration condition. The device comprises a high-temperature sound field detection sensor, a triaxial electric displacement platform, a controller and a signal acquisition processor, wherein the high-temperature sound field detection sensor comprises a hydrophone, a waveguiderod, a coupling agent sleeve and an acoustic wave coupling agent; the coupling agent sleeve is hoisted at the bottom of the triaxial electric displacement platform; the outer wall of the coupling agent sleeve is provided with a temperature adjusting interlayer; and a plurality of semiconductor heating and chilling plate and a plurality of temperature sensors which are connected in series are arranged in the temperature adjusting interlayer. The method comprises the following steps: 1, mounting the device for detecting a dynamic solidification sound field of a metal material under a vibration condition; and 2, carrying out detection of a dynamic solidification space sound field of the metal material, with temperature protection and tracking a metal material solidification interface. The device provided by the invention has a temperature protection function, can be stably and reliably applied to detection of a dynamic solidification sound field of a metal material under a vibration condition, has strong practicability and a good use effect, and is convenient to popularize and use.