The invention relates to a switch cabinet locking device adopting five-prevention code acquisition verification. The switch cabinet locking device adopts locking implemented by matching between a charged display device and a five-prevention padlock; and the switch cabinet locking device comprises six anti-misoperation locking points which are arranged at a switch cabinet and respectively are a circuit breaker, a bus knife, a line knife, a cabinet door of the switch cabinet, a switch and bus knife indirect joint ground pile head and a line side joint ground pile head. By additionally installingthe charged display locking device to verify whether an operation line is charged, when a result that the line is uncharged is confirmed, a computer five-prevention key acquires an electric code by the locking device and converts the electric code into an unlocking instruction, and by the unlocking instruction, the five-prevention padlock of the rear cabinet door of the switch cabinet is unlocked. The charged display device acquires a bus voltage and transmits the bus voltage to a five-prevention code acquisition port, and when the bus voltage is not zero, the five-prevention computer key cannot acquire the electric code for opening the cabinet door. By the switch cabinet locking device, a common high-voltage switch cabinet can be conveniently refitted; and the switch cabinet locking device is simple and reliable to operate, low in installation and maintenance cost and easy to implement microcomputer joint defence.