The invention discloses a method for preparing a surface silvering composite material. The method for preparing the surface silvering composite material comprises the steps that (1) a matrix is placedinto a catechol and polyamine solution and mixed uniformly after cleaned in an ethanol solution with ultrasonic wave; (2) the matrix with the surface deposited with poly-(catechol-polyamine) is addedinto an ethylene glycol solution dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidone, a silver nitrate water solution is added, and then, a reducing agent is added; (3) when the silver nitrate solution is deposited bytitrating with ammonia water and just disappears, a silvering solution is prepared; (4) the matrix deposited with silver nanoparticles is added into the silvering solution of the step (3), and the polyvinylpyrrolidone is added; and (5) a reducing agent water solution is added, mixing is carried out for 30-60 min, and the matrix with surface silvering is obtained after suction filtration. According to the method for preparing the surface silvering composite material, the operation is simple and convenient, uniform and tight silvering layers can be prepared on the surfaces of most materials with more difficult silvering, and the bonding stability and conductivity performance of the prepared composite material are good.