The invention relates to a multi-layer structure corrosion-resistant high-temperature-resistant composite material continuous sucker rod and a preparation process thereof. According to the technical scheme, the outer layer of reinforced carbon fiber is provided with a first high-modulus glass fiber cloth, the outer side of the high-modulus glass fiber cloth is provided with high-modulus glass fiber, the outer layer of the high-modulus glass fiber is a second high-modulus glass fiber cloth, and the outer layer of the high-modulus glass fiber cloth is a glass fiber felt layer. The sucker rod hasthe advantages that: the carbon fiber continuous sucker rod is additionally provided with a covering layer, so that the radial and axial compressive strengths are increased, the bending performance is improved, and the bending diameter is reduced; according to the invention, a four-layer structure corrosion-resistant high-temperature-resistant composite material continuous sucker rod or a five-layer structure corrosion-resistant high-temperature-resistant composite material continuous sucker rod can be produced according to requirements, and the applicability is high.