The invention discloses a device and method for simulating deep coal mining complex dynamic disasters. A dynamic loading module provides power for a high-pressure-resistant seal chamber module; the high-pressure-resistant seal chamber module comprises a high-pressure-resistant seal chamber and a pressure-bearing base; a lead output end, an input end and an output end are arranged on the high-pressure-resistant seal chamber; the input end comprises a vacuumizing end, an inflation end and a sensor connecting end; the output end is connected with a transparent pipeline by virtue of an explosion-proof high-speed pneumatic valve; a gas pressure sensor interface, a temperature sensor interface and a gas concentration sensor interface are formed in the upper plane of the transparent pipeline; anda thermal infrared imager and a split type high-speed camera are erected beside the transparent pipeline. Experimental study is performed on deep coal mining complex dynamic disasters by utilizing the device and method disclosed by the invention, and the device and method disclosed by the invention have important scientific significances and practical value for further analyzing the occurrence mechanism, adopting targeted complex dynamic disaster prediction, early warning and treatment technologies and solving the safety problems encountered by deep coal mining.