A dynamic parameter test and measurement method for excitation synchronous motors. An excitation synchronous motor comprises a stator winding and a field winding; the stator winding comprises an a-phase, a b-phase, and a c-phase; when the excitation synchronous motor is stationary, short-circuiting the field winding; applying a step voltage between the a-phase and the b-phase of the stator winding; measuring the parameters of the d-axis and the q-axis, the axis of the field winding separately overlapping the d-axis and the q-axis, and acquiring, according to the data obtained from measuring the d-axis and q-axis parameters, a d-axis parameter first fitting target curve, a d-axis parameter second fitting target curve, a q-axis parameter fitting target curve, and the resistance value of a stator winding measurement loop; acquiring, according to the equivalent circuit and the resistance value of the stator winding measurement loop of the d-axis and of the q-axis, the time domain response expression of the d-axis current, time domain response expression of the induced current in the field winding, and the time domain response expression of the q-axis current; separately performing time domain fitting on the corresponding expressions according to the three parameter fitting target curves, so as to calculate the dynamic parameter values of the d-axis and of the q-axis.