The invention discloses an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) short circuit identification method for an MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter) full bridge sub-module. The method comprises the stepsof obtaining the state of a specified full bridge sub-module; calculating the capacitive current of the specified full bridge sub-module according to the capacitive voltage of the specified full bridge sub-module; defining a threshold value and a judgment parameter according to the ratio of the capacitive current of the specified full bridge module to the bridge arm current and the ratio of the current flowing through an IGBT1 of the full bridge sub-module to the bridge arm current; and identifying an IGBT having a short circuit fault in the specified full bridge sub-module according to the value of the judgment parameter under different fault conditions. The method disclosed by the invention solves a problem of fast identification and location for a short circuit fault in the FBSM-MMC inthe case of using fewer parameters at present.