The invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage, and discloses a hydrogen storage device and a hydrogen filling method. The hydrogen storage device comprises a bottle body (1) and a plurality of movable heat conducting components (2). The disclosed hydrogen filling method comprises the following steps that the multiple movable heat conducting components are introduced into a hydrogen storage bottle, and then hydrogen filling is conducted; or in the hydrogen filling process, the multiple movable heat conducting components are introduced into the hydrogen storage bottle. According to thehydrogen storage device and the hydrogen filling method, by using the heat conducting components, diffusion of heat generated in the hydrogen filling process can be enhanced, temperature increasing inthe hydrogen filling process and temperature uniformity of hydrogen during filling are reduced advantageously, thus the filling time of the hydrogen is shortened, the influence on the vehicle-mountedhydrogen storage bottle during hydrogen filling is reduced, safety during hydrogen filling is improved, and meanwhile, the effective capacity of the hydrogen storage bottle cannot be significantly decreased.