The invention relates to the technical field of production detecting devices, in particular to an error-proof device with a top limiting mechanism for workpiece production. The error-proof device comprises a bottom working table, a fixed back plate arranged on the left is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom working table, and a bottom raising platform arranged on the right is fixedly connected to the position, located on the right side of the fixed back plate arranged on the left, of the upper surface of the bottom raising platform; and an error-proof mandrel is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom raising platform arranged on the right, and a back supporting plate is fixedly connected to the position, located on the back surface of the error-proof mandrel, of the upper surface of the fixed back plate arranged on the left. The error-proof device with the top limiting mechanism for the workpiece production is inserted into a corresponding position limiting groovethrough a lower end limiting block of a top overturning limiting plate to be clamped to and fixed to the outer side surface of the error-proof mandrel, the loading and unloading operation is simple and convenient, and the functionality is greatly improved.