The invention provides an RFID tag feature code generation method and device based on a finite field traversal matrix. The device comprises a random matrix generation module, a ciphertext sequence calculation module, an abstract matrix generation module, a feature code generation module and a complex transformation judgment module. According to the invention, RFID data in each transportation stageand each storage stage of the supply chain system are collected; according to the technical scheme, a learning sample is established, and when the RFID tag feature code is established for the learning sample, the technical scheme that the traversal matrix is applied to the finite field is adopted, so that the robustness and the safety of the tag feature code are enhanced, and the tamper resistance of the RFID tag feature code is improved.