The invention discloses a vertical rail transit safety brake. The vertical rail transit safety brake comprises parts such as a track, a clamping arm I, external connecting rods I, a brake device I, anexternal shell, a movable seat, connecting seats I, a limiting column I, a top cover, limiting holes and a spring I. The vertical rail transit safety brake has the advantages that the structure is reasonable and simple; an electromagnet and an oil cylinder which are arranged on the vertical rail transit safety brake can simultaneously or separately provide power to the brake so as to avoid a situation that the safety and reliability in use cannot be guaranteed when one power fails to work; as the clamping arms, the external connecting rods and the external shell to form a parallel four-connecting-rod mechanism to guarantee that the clamping arm I and the clamping arm II can simultaneously move to the internal side in parallel during braking, the brake device I and a brake device II can move to the internal side in parallel to clamp the track to brake so that the braking effect is improved; in addition, through adoption of the brake device I and the brake device II, the distance between a friction block and the side surface of the track can be adjusted according to needs so that the long-time braking effect can be improved.