The invention discloses a sunlight-induced vegetation fluorescence measurement system suitable for different canopy heights. The system consists of two modules, including software and hardware, wherein the hardware module consists of a foundation bed frame, a horizontal and perpendicular supporting rod, a data collection rod and a high-performance spectrograph; and the software module consists oftwo parts, including motor control software and plant fluorescence calculation software. A standard whiteboard is placed on the data collection rod, is controlled by a motor and can rotate for 180 degrees in a horizontal direction; a spectrum probe is placed on a spectrum probe fixing groove, an expansion link is controlled to lift by a stepping hand telescopic controller to obtain the plant fluorescence data of different canopy heights; data collected by the spectrum probe is input into plant fluorescence calculation software, and therefore, the plant fluorescence intensity of different canopy heights can be obtained; and the fluorescence data can be used for researching works, including vegetation photosynthesis, environmental stress, disease and insect pest analysis, earth surface carbon cycling and the like. The set of system device is high in portability, and is very suitable for obtaining the vegetation fluorescence data of different canopy heights in the field.