The invention provides a vibration reduction optimization method employing damping alloy to replace a full-cross section rock heading machine cutterhead rib plate material, and belongs to the technical field of full-cross section rock heading machine cutterhead vibration reduction. As for vibration of the rib plate, the material at the position of the rib plate part is replaced by a damping alloymaterial; therefore, the material replacement cost is saved, and the vibration of the rib plate can be reduced to the maximum extent by replacing the original material of the rib plate with the damping alloy; thus, vibration of the cutterhead and the TBM main machine is achieved, abrasion and breakage of key portions caused by too large vibration are prevented, it is guaranteed that the TBM workssafely and reliably, and the vibration reduction performance and practicability are good.