The invention provides a channel estimation method for a three-dimensional beam pattern, which is applicable to MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) communication systems. The method comprises the following steps of steps S1, setting antenna parameters and environmental parameters of each antenna unit in an MIMO communication system, and performing pre-distribution on the antenna parameters and the environmental parameters through a preset transmission condition; step S2, calculating the pre-distributed antenna parameters and the environmental parameters to obtain a three-dimensional beam pattern;step S3, generating an antenna array according to the three-dimensional beam pattern; step S4, generating antenna polarization for the antenna unit and processing the antenna unit with the antenna polarization generated according to the antenna array so as to obtain an angle of departure of each transmitting unit in the antenna unit and an angle of arrival of each receiving unit in the antenna unit; and step S5, processing through a corresponding relation between the angle of departure and the angle of arrival to obtain a channel coefficient of the MIMO communication system. The channel estimation method for a three-dimensional beam pattern in the invention has the following beneficial effects: the receiving spatial correlation is reduced and high throughput and low delay of the channel are reduced by establishing the antenna array and the planned antenna.