The invention relates to the technical field of coatings and particularly discloses a single-component aqueous quick-drying hammer paint and a preparation method thereof. The single-component aqueousquick-drying hammer paint comprises, by weght, the following components: 40-60% of aqueous epoxy modified acrylic emulsion; 0.4-0.6% of a pH regulator; 2-5% of a hammer agent solution; 5-10% of a first environment-friendly cosolvent; 0.3-0.5% of a dispersant; 0.5-0.8% of a defoaming agent; 0.5-2% of an anti-flash rust agent; 1-4% of a thickening agent; 1-2% of an aluminum powder directional agent;6-8% of aqueous aluminum powder pigment; 18-35% of deionized water. The single-component aqueous quick-drying hammer paint has good storage stability, the paint film has excellent water resistance, hardness and adhesive force, the drying speed of a cut paint film is high, the hammer effect is clearer, the stereoscopic impression is more prominent, and the construction is convenient.