The invention discloses a surface pretreatment method of lead alloy anodes for zinc electrodeposition. The method comprises two steps: firstly, a lead fluoborate contained electrolyte system is adopted to build carambola-shaped Pb systems with a high specific surface area on the surfaces of lead alloy anode plates; and then, the lead alloy anode plates with the carambola-shaped Pb structures are placed in glycol-choline chloride-ammonium fluoride solution for anodic oxidation. Through the pretreatment method, compact oxide film layers can be formed on the surfaces of the lead alloy anodes. Thebonding strength between the surface oxide film layers and substrates in long-time electrodeposition process of the pretreated lead alloy anodes is high; the internal stability of the oxide film layers is high; and the generation quantity of anode mud is prominently reduced.