The invention discloses a clamping device for transverse deviation correction of a ballastless track structure, and belongs to the technical field of disease treatment for ballastless track structuresof railways. The clamping device comprises the four parts including a length adjustment sleeve, a length adjustment lead screw, a connecting sleeve and a leveling end plate. The length adjustment ofthe clamping device is achieved through a sleeve-lead screw structure, and thus the change of spacing and clamping force of a counterforce structure (a limiting structure) and the track structure is adapted to. A spherical hinge structure is adopted for adjusting the clamping angle to a certain degree, and the working condition that the structural stress surfaces at the two sides of the clamping device are not parallel can be adapted to. Through the design of combination of multiple parts, the workload of spot operation is reduced. Through the light and compact structure, the weight is reducedon the premise of guaranteeing functions, and the operation convenience is improved. The clamping device has the advantages of being reasonable in structure, economical, efficient, safe, reliable, flexible in organization and the like when use for deviation correction of the ballastless track structure, and the traffic safety and equipment safety in the deviation correction construction period can be guaranteed.