The invention discloses a clamping device for transverse deviation correction of a ballastless track structure, belongs to the technical field of disease treatment for ballastless track structures ofrailways, and particularly relates to the clamping device for the transverse deviation correction of the ballastless track structure. The clamping device comprises a shedding-prevention holder and a clamping mandril, and the clamping mandril is composed of four parts including a length adjustment sleeve, a length adjustment lead screw, a connecting sleeve and a leveling end plate. The length adjustment of the clamping device is achieved through a sleeve-lead screw structure, and thus the change of spacing and clamping force of a counterforce structure (a limiting structure) and the track structure is adapted to. A spherical hinge structure is adopted for adjusting the clamping angle to a certain degree and the working condition that the structural stress surfaces at the two sides of the clamping device are not parallel can be adapted to. The shedding-prevention holder is adopted for solving the problems that detaching and installing are complicated, and the clamping mandril easily falls. Through the design of combination of multiple parts, the workload of spot operation is reduced. Through the light and compact structure, the weight is reduced on the premise of guaranteeing functions, and the operation convenience is improved.