The invention relates to a safety shell system of a nuclear power station, in particular to a personnel air lock driving structure based on cam transmission. The mechanism comprises a box, an upper gear shaft and a lower gear shaft are arranged on the box, and an upper hand wheel is arranged on the upper gear shaft; a lower hand wheel is arranged on the lower gear shaft. A locking plug pin is arranged on the side wall of the box, and a vertically-arranged push rod and an unlocking gear shaft are arranged at the top of the box. The driving structure is characterized in that a rotation shaft isarranged on the portion, between the upper gear shaft and the lower gear shaft, in the box, and a first cam, a second cam, a third cam and a fourth cam are arranged on the rotation shaft in sequence.A first connection shaft is arranged at the end, in the box, of the locking plug pin, and a second connection shaft is arranged at the end, in the box, of the push rod. A rack is arranged on the portion, corresponding to the first cam and the second cam, in the box, and a third connection shaft is fixed to one end of the rack. The upper gear shaft is connected with the first cam through a gear transmission mechanism, and an interlocking mechanism is arranged between the first cam and the lower gear shaft. The driving mechanism is simple in structure, small in occupation space and high in reliability.