The invention discloses a fool-proof driving device for mechanical design. The fool-proof driving device comprises a machine frame, an input shaft and an output shaft, a first shaft frame and a secondshaft frame are correspondingly arranged on the machine frame, the input shaft is rotationally arranged on the first shaft frame, the input shaft is fixedly connected to the center of a first bevel gear, a shaft sleeve is rotationally connected to the second shaft frame, the shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the center of a second bevel gear, a ratchet wheel assembly is rotationally installedbetween the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, the ratchet wheel assembly comprises a first ratchet wheel, a second ratchet wheel, a connecting rod and a mounting shaft, and two ends of the connecting rod are connected to the first ratchet wheel and the second ratchet wheel respectively. According to the device, no matter in which direction of the input shaft rotates, the output shaft rotates in the same direction, so that the fool-proof function is achieved, and the situation that the output direction of the output shaft is mistakenly connected due to the fact that the rotation direction of the input shaft is wrong can be prevented, so that damage to other equipment connected to the output shaft can be avoided.