The invention discloses a detection device for the oil extracting speed of an oil well based on ultraviolet detection and belongs to the technical field of oil recovery. The detection device for the oil extracting speed of the oil well comprises an oil transportation pipeline for detecting and an ultraviolet detector, wherein the oil transportation pipeline for detecting comprises a conventional oil transportation pipeline and a detection pipeline; and the ultraviolet detector comprises a solar panel, a storage battery, an ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) broadband light source, an input single-mode fiber, a Zno nano-rod-micro-nano-fiber hybrid waveguide, an output single-mode fiber and a spectrometer. A method comprises the following steps: firstly, enabling the detection pipeline inthe oil transportation pipeline for detecting to be communicated with a oil transportation path at a polish rod; then performing whole week running on a beam-pumping unit crank for one week in accordance with a prescribed cycle and preserving oil in the detection pipeline; then starting a heating device and performing spectrum detection on an optical signal outputted from the output single-mode fiber by utilizing the spectrometer; and finally, determining oil pump capacity through the relationship obtained by calibration. The detection device disclosed by the invention can realize the technical aim of detecting the oil extracting speed of the oil well.