The invention discloses a train head car mold shrinkage construction method based on force and rigidity equivalence and a head car mold shrinkage. The method comprises the following steps of S1, obtaining the similarity factors of the head car mold shrinkage relative to all dynamic parameters of a full-size train; S2, dividing the full-size train head into a deformation energy absorption area anda non-deformation area according to the deformation energy absorption characteristic; S3, respectively constructing a deformation energy absorption area and a non-deformation area of the head car shrinkage mold based on the similarity factors, according to the deformation energy absorption curve of the full-size train head car, a deformation energy absorption characteristic curve of a head car shrinkage mold is obtained through conversion, and the sizes of a buffer, a crushing pipe, a main energy absorption device and a cab in a deformation energy absorption area of the head car shrinkage moldare designed on the basis of the deformation energy absorption characteristic curve of the head car shrinkage mold and size similarity factors; and designing a non-deformation area of the head car shrinkage mold according to the size similarity factor and the rigidity similarity factor. According to the present invention, the built head train shrinkage mold can ensure that the train impact forceand the train body rigidity are similar, the train collision process is accurately restored, and the reliability is higher.