The invention provides linear adjustment equipment and a method for a track beam, relating to the technical field of rail traffic construction. The linear adjustment equipment comprises a base, a linear adjustment device, a hoop, a temporary supporting device and a fixed supporting device, wherein the track beam can be fixedly sleeved with the hoop; the linear adjustment device is connected with the base and the hoop and can be used for driving the track beam to the transversely, longitudinally and vertically move in the hoop; the temporary supporting device is detachably connected with the base and the hoop so as to prevent the overturning of the track beam in the hoop in the movement process; and the fixed supporting device is detachably connected with the base and the hoop so as to guarantee the relative fixation of the track beam in the hoop and the base. According to the linear adjustment equipment, the technical problem that the operation efficiency of equipment for the linear adjustment of a straddle type track beam in the prior art is low is relieved.