The invention discloses an anchor rod drilling detection device, which comprises a measuring rod body, wherein the measuring rod body is provided with a depth gauge; a hole depth and aperture measuring mechanism, wherein the hole depth and aperture measuring mechanism comprises a shell, an aperture measuring knob, a first gear, a second gear, a pair of third gears, a pair of toothed rod bodies anda pair of contact rods, wherein the first gear, the second gear, the pair of third gears, the pair of toothed rod bodies and the pair of contact rods are arranged in the shell; the upper surface of the shell is provided with an aperture counting disc; the aperture measuring knob just sleeves the measuring rod body; the first gear is fixedly connected with the aperture measuring knob; the second gear is meshed with the first gear; wherein one third gear is respectively meshed with the second gear and one toothed rod body, and the other third gear is respectively meshed with the first gear andthe other toothed rod body; the upper ends of the pair of contact rods are fixed on the pair of toothed rod bodies, and the lower ends of the contact rods penetrate out of the shell. The invention also discloses a using method of the anchor rod drilling detection device. The method has the advantages of convenient use, low detection cost, high operation efficiency and the like.