The invention discloses a device and method for detecting the axial position of an explosion bead in a filter stick, and relates to the field of tobacco detection. The device and method are used for rapidly detecting the axial position of the explosion bead in the filter stick. The detection device comprises a detection table and a projection piece. The detection table comprises a shell and a light source arranged in the shell. The shell comprises a working surface, the working surface comprises a detection area, the light source is configured to emit parallel detection light, and the detection area is used for containing the filter stick. The projection piece is configured to cover the side, away from the light source, of the filter stick, so that the detection light passes through the filter stick and is projected to the projection piece. According to the technical scheme, whether or not the axial position of the explosion bead in the filter stick meets the standard is rapidly judged.