The invention discloses a blockchain data access method based on attribute encryption, which comprises the following steps: when a system is initialized, generating a system parameter based on attribute encryption, a system attribute set and a management parameter based on a time key; when the user registers with the system, the system sends a private key, a signature key, a verification key and an access time period of the user based on the user attribute set to the user; wherein the access time of the user is determined according to the user attribute; when new transaction information is generated, the transaction information is encrypted according to the system attribute set and the time key management parameters to generate a ciphertext, and the ciphertext is stored in the block; and responding to the access request of the user, and accessing the transaction information according to the attribute set of the user and the access time of the user. Therefore, the risk that the user identity information is leaked due to encryption of the user identity information in the prior art is solved, time key management is added, the access time of the user is limited, and automatic revocation of the key is achieved.