The invention discloses a method and a device for allocating channel resources in a quantum satellite network. The method comprises the following steps of: allocating a quantum key transmission time slot to a link between satellite nodes in the quantum satellite network; When the quantum satellite network receives a data service, obtaining a transmission path of the data service, Wherein the transmission path comprises a transmission sequence between satellite nodes; Sequentially transmitting the data services to corresponding satellite nodes according to the transmission sequence; When the data service is transmitted to one satellite node, obtaining a link between the satellite node and the next satellite node as a transmission link; Obtaining a quantum key from a quantum key pool corresponding to the transmission link so as to encrypt the data service. The data service transmission in the transmission link allocates the time slot, so that the transmission of the data service of eachlink has enough key quantity, and the transmission of the security service is ensured.