The invention discloses a power distribution network one-phase ground fault arc extinction control method base on an alternating current chopper circuit. According to the power distribution network one-phase ground fault arc extinction control method, a voltage source based on the alternating current chopper circuit is adopted, a current can be injected into a neutral point when a one-phase groundfault of a power distribution network occurs, the purpose of suppressing a fault current and a fault phase voltage is achieved, the control method adopts double-PI control, a current inner ring PI controller and a voltage outer ring PI controller are involved and both have the form (G is equal to K

+K/s), double-closed-loop control is adopted, thus power distribution network one-phase ground fault arc extinction is achieved without the parameters to ground of a measuring system, and the control method is suitable for large-scale application and pro motion.