The invention discloses a data acquisition method between an acquisition operation and maintenance simulation training system and a simulation cabinet. The method comprises the following steps: sending a protocol frame message based on a special communication protocol; storing the protocol frame message into a buffer area, extracting a control word of the protocol frame message from the buffer area, and judging the type of the protocol frame message according to the control word; when it is judged that the protocol frame message type is a data type, decoding the protocol frame message in the buffer area to obtain a decoded data message type; and executing a corresponding action according to the data message type, and sending a response message.