The invention relates to a data compression method and device, computer equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining to-be-compressed baseband I/Q data by a terminal,and calculating the amplitude value of the to-be-compressed baseband I/Q data; determining a multi-segment amplitude value range according to the baseband I/Q data to be compressed; compressing the amplitude value of the baseband I/Q data to be compressed according to the amplitude value range corresponding to the baseband I/Q data to be compressed to obtain a compressed amplitude value; and according to the compressed amplitude value, searching data corresponding to the compressed amplitude value in a compression table to obtain compressed data. According to the data compression method provided by the invention, the compression process is simplified, so that the signal coverage range of the baseband data transmission system is expanded.