The invention provides a 1Ssh chromosome specific molecular marker of aegilops sharonensis and an application thereof, the marker can be obtained by amplifying four pairs of primers shown in SEQ ID NO.1 -8 respectively. The primers can be used for performing PCR reaction to quickly and accurately detect the 1Ssh chromosome of the aegilops sharonensis so as to judge the presence or absence of exogenous chromosome 1Ssh in the progeny of the distant hybridization of wheat-aegilops sharonensis. The method can accurately detect the transfer and existence of the chromosome 1Ssh of the aegilops sharonensis in the distant hybridization of the wheat and the aegilops sharonensis, is convenient in tracking the exogenous chromosome 1Ssh, greatly improves the breeding working efficiency, accelerates the quality breeding process of the wheat, has good application prospect in the cross breeding field of the wheat, and can quickly identify 1Ssh addition line and translocation line in the progeny of the wheat-aegilops sharonensis, particularly facilitates the breeding of 1AL/ 1SshL and 1AS/ 1SshL.