The invention discloses a high-strength and low-stretch bio-based fiber fabric and a preparation method. With viscose staple fiber as the raw material, opening and carding are performed for sliveringto obtain viscose staple fiber carding slivers, and after two or more viscose staple fiber carding slivers are subjected to drawing, air spinning or vortex spinning or ring spinning is performed to obtain yarn; the yarn is subjected to warp and weft knitting to obtain greige cloth, and then a one-bath-one-step method is implemented to obtain the high-strength and low-stretch bio-based fiber fabric. As for the finished product indexes of the fabric, the horizontal shrinkage rate is smaller than or equal to -3%, the vertical shrinkage rate is smaller than or equal to -2%, the bursting strength is 280-320 N, the pilling resistance reaches 4-5 grade, the radial water swelling capacity is 22-26, the distortion after washing is smaller than or equal to 3%, the color fastness to wet rubbing reaches 4-5 grade, the color fastness to dry rubbing reaches 4-5 grade, and the abrasion resistance is larger than 30000 times. The fabric is good in moisture absorption, air permeability, skin-friendliness, pilling resistance, color fastness and dyeing quality, meets market demands and improves people's living standards.