The invention discloses a transformer optical fiber temperature measurement system which comprises a plurality of optical fiber temperature measurement sensors which are used for detecting real-time temperatures of different positions in a transformer, a temperature data preprocessing module which is in communication connection with the optical fiber temperature measuring sensor and is used for screening the temperature data, a temperature data synthesis module which is in communication connection with the temperature data preprocessing module and is used for synthesizing the temperature dataat different positions to obtain the real-time operating temperature of the transformer, and a temperature data correction module which is in communication connection with the temperature data synthesis module and is used for correcting the operation temperature of the synthesized transformer. Defects in the prior art can be improved, and the temperature detection accuracy of the transformer is improved.