The invention provides a power grid simulation training system based on monitoring signal simulation. According to the power grid simulation training system, a power system simulation module providesa power system model, a relay protection function and a simulation function of power system automatic device equipment; a control center simulation module simulates the same system environment as an actual scheduling control center and has the functions of real-time alarm window signal monitoring, alarm signal classification management and integrated control permission management; a teacher systemmodule provides the functions of formulation of teaching plans, management of the teaching plans, starting and exiting of training, operation of comprehensive orders, fault setting and training evaluation; a monitoring signal simulation module triggers monitoring signals sent to a main station on a simulated transformer substation, and the monitoring signals comprise transformer substation equipment fault signals, abnormal transformer substation equipment signals and transformer substation secondary-equipment online monitoring and analysis signals, so that alarm window simulation signals arereal. The system can effectively improve the efficiency of training the professional skills of power grid monitors, shorten the training cycle and improve the training quality.