The invention discloses a battery box capable of preventing thermal runaway, and belongs to the field of battery safety protection. The battery box comprises a box body, supporting frames, partition plates and battery cell modules; concave clamping grooves are formed in the bottom of the box body; the supporting frames are mounted in the box body through the concave clamping grooves of the box body; through holes are formed in the supporting frames; the partition plates are mounted at the periphery in the box body through the concave clamping grooves of the box body; the partition plates are provided with through holes; the partition plates are added with flame-retardant materials and heat-absorbing materials; the battery cell modules are mounted in the box body; each battery cell module comprises a plurality of battery cells; and every two adjacent rows of the battery cells are separated by one supporting frame. The battery box is simple in structure, high in space utilization rate, relatively low in cost, good in safety performance, simple in implementation means and suitable for popularization and application.