The invention relates to a logging-while-drilling underground circuit semiconductor positive cooling system and method. The system comprises a shell and a multi-level semiconductor chilling plate arranged in the shell, wherein the semiconductor chilling plate comprises a first level semiconductor chilling plate, a second level semiconductor chilling plate and a third level semiconductor chilling plate; a hot end of the first level semiconductor chilling plate is connected with the shell through the first heat conducting plate, while a cold end is connected with a hot end of the second level semiconductor chilling plate through a second heat conducting plate; a cold end of the second semiconductor chilling plate is connected with a hot end of a third semiconductor chilling plate through a third heat conducting plate; and a cold end of the third level semiconductor chilling plate is connected with a underground circuit through a fourth heat conducting plate. The system has the advantagesthat 1, the temperature of the underground circuit is lowered by positive cooling of the semiconductor chilling plate instead of own passive cooling of an element; 2, an underground power generator is used for supplying power, so that the underground circuit can be cooled continuously, and the service life and stability of the underground circuit are prolonged and improved.