A robot based on battery sorting system comprises: an industrial robot (10), a sorting gripper (20) controlled by the industrial robot (10) for crawling a plurality of batteries (90) to the specifiedlocation; and a calibrating device (30) controlled by the industrial robot (10) for calibrating the position of the batteries. The sorting gripper (20) comprises a plurality of grippers (21) which arecontrolled by the industrial robot (10) to grip the selected batteries. The calibrating device (30) comprises a battery calibrating board (31). The battery calibrating board (31) is provided with a plurality of cavities (311) which are used for accommodating a plurality of batteries (90). The relative position of the plurality of cavities (311) is used for calibrating the relative position of theplurality of batteries (90).